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| 1801 |
| | | Napoleon mends France's fences with Roman Catholicism by agreeing a Concordat with Pope Pius VII | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon, in response to his excommunication, has pope Pius VII arrested and kept in captivity in northern Italy and then France | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The Jesuit Order is restored by Pius VII on his return to Rome | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The rulers of Russia, Prussia and Austria form a Holy Alliance to preserve their concept of a Christian Europe | |
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| 1823 |
| | | Daniel O'Connell organizes Catholic Associations throughout Ireland, funded by the members' penny subscriptions | |
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| 1829 |
| | | The Emancipation Act, enabling Daniel O'Connell to take his seat at Westminster, at last removes the restrictions on Catholics in UK public life | |
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| 1831 |
| | | Evangelical preacher Charles Grandison Finney leads a new wave of revivalism in the northeastern states | |
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| 1838 |
| | | In his Divinity School Address, delivered at Harvard, Ralph Waldo Emerson criticizes formal religion and gives priority to personal spiritual experience | |
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| 1844 |
| | | The Young Men's Christian Association is founded in London by British drapery assistant George Williams | |
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